Drug eruption - Letusan Obat
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Letusan Obat (Drug eruption) ditandai dengan keterlibatan seluruh tubuh.
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesReaksi kulit yang disebabkan oleh pengobatan, yang dikenal sebagai erupsi obat, terkadang dapat menjadi parah. Reaksi parah ini, yang disebut severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs), dianggap mengancam jiwa. Kondisi tersebut mencakup Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), serta drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Meskipun SCARs jarang terjadi, sekitar 2 % pasien rawat inap mengalaminya.
Adverse drug reactions involving the skin are commonly known as drug eruptions. Severe drug eruption may cause severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs), which are considered to be fatal and life-threatening, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Although cases are relatively rare, approximately 2% of hospitalized patients are affected by SCARs.
Adverse drug reactions involving the skin are commonly known as drug eruptions. Severe drug eruption may cause severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs), which are considered to be fatal and life-threatening, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Although cases are relatively rare, approximately 2% of hospitalized patients are affected by SCARs.
Seorang wanita berusia 31 tahun mengunjungi departemen dermatologi karena muncul bercak merah yang tidak menimbulkan rasa sakit pada bagian atas kaki kanannya. Ia telah mengonsumsi satu dosis doksisiklin (100 mg) sehari sebelumnya, setelah menjalani perawatan laser picosecond untuk bekas jerawat. Pada tahun lalu, ia pernah mengalami keluhan serupa di lokasi yang sama setelah mengonsumsi doksisiklin pasca perawatan laser dengan dosis yang sama. Ia tidak memiliki riwayat kesehatan yang signifikan dan tidak mengalami gejala lain, seperti demam, baik secara lokal maupun sistemik.
A 31-year-old woman presented to the dermatology department with an asymptomatic erythematous patch on the dorsum of her right foot. She had taken 1 dose of doxycycline (100 mg) the previous day as empirical treatment after picosecond laser treatment for acne scars. She had had a similar episode the previous year on the same site, after taking the same dose of doxycycline after laser treatment. She had no notable medical history, and no other local or systemic symptoms, including fever.
A 31-year-old woman presented to the dermatology department with an asymptomatic erythematous patch on the dorsum of her right foot. She had taken 1 dose of doxycycline (100 mg) the previous day as empirical treatment after picosecond laser treatment for acne scars. She had had a similar episode the previous year on the same site, after taking the same dose of doxycycline after laser treatment. She had no notable medical history, and no other local or systemic symptoms, including fever.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) dan toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) merupakan dua bentuk reaksi kulit yang serius, berbeda dari kondisi kulit lain seperti eritema multiforme mayor, sindrom kulit melepuh stafilokokus, dan reaksi obat. SJS/TEN merupakan reaksi yang langka dan parah, yang menyebabkan kerusakan luas pada kulit dan selaput lendir, sering kali disertai gejala sistemik. Pada lebih dari 80 % kasus, penyebabnya adalah obat‑obatan.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are variants of the same condition and are distinct from erythema multiforme major staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, and other drug eruptions. Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare, acute, serious, and potentially fatal skin reaction in which there are sheet-like skin and mucosal loss accompanied by systemic symptoms. Medications are causative in over 80% of cases.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are variants of the same condition and are distinct from erythema multiforme major staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, and other drug eruptions. Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare, acute, serious, and potentially fatal skin reaction in which there are sheet-like skin and mucosal loss accompanied by systemic symptoms. Medications are causative in over 80% of cases.
Erupsi obat didiagnosis terutama berdasarkan riwayat kesehatan dan pemeriksaan klinis. Biopsi kulit, tes darah, atau tes imunologi juga dapat membantu.
Contoh obat yang umum menyebabkan erupsi meliputi antibiotik dan antimikroba lainnya, obat sulfa, antiinflamasi nonsteroid (NSAID), agen kemoterapi, antikonvulsan, dan obat psikotropika.
○ Diagnosis dan Pengobatan
Jika Anda mengalami demam (suhu tubuh meningkat), sebaiknya segera mencari pertolongan medis. Obat yang dicurigai harus dihentikan (misalnya antibiotik, antiinflamasi nonsteroid). Sebelum mengunjungi rumah sakit, antihistamin oral seperti cetirizine atau loratadine dapat membantu mengurangi gatal dan ruam.
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
#Loratadine [Claritin]
Tes darah (CBC, LFT, jumlah eosinofil)
Steroid oral dan antihistamin dengan resep dokter